1_Python_.ipynb

{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/YigitBCesur/Python_Essentials/blob/main/1_Python_.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "[![Coach Pegasus PNG- 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)](https://yigitbravecesur.com/)\n",
        "\n",
        "### 🔗 Links\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "[![linkedin](https://img.shields.io/badge/LinkedIn-0A66C2?style=for-the-badge&logo=linkedin&logoColor=white)](https://www.linkedin.com/in/yigitbcesur)\n",
        "\n",
        "[![Youtube](https://img.shields.io/badge/youtube_channel-1DA1F2?style=for-the-badge&logo=youtube&logoColor=white&color=FF0000)](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYLMENl4ruLkZbCqLmIKW7A)\n",
        "\n",
        "[![Twitter URL](https://img.shields.io/twitter/url/https/twitter.com/YigitBraveCesur.svg?style=social&label=Follow%20%40YigitBraveCesur)](https://twitter.com/YigitBraveCesur)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gg7NVNC6C-79"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0IAIaOgThekL"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Python\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "Basic topics to be covered:\n",
        "\n",
        "* Data types\n",
        "    1. Numbers\n",
        "     *   Variable assignments\n",
        "    2. Strings\n",
        "     *   \"IN\" method\n",
        "    3. Booleans\n",
        "    4. Tuples\n",
        "    5. Lists\n",
        "     *   5a - Extracting elements from a list\n",
        "     *   5b - Adding elements to a list ( using append() )\n",
        "     *   5c - Removing elements from a list ( using clear(), pop(), remove() and del)\n",
        "    6. Dictionaries  \n",
        "    7. Sets\n",
        "    8. Comparison Operators\n",
        "    9. Conditional Statements  ( if, elif, else Statements )\n",
        "    10. For Loops\n",
        "     *   enumerate()\n",
        "    11. While Loops\n",
        "    12. List comprehension\n",
        "    13. Functions\n",
        "        *   Def\n",
        "        *   Lambda\n",
        "        *   Map item\n",
        "        *   Filter\n",
        "____"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xSzZuZTKhekL"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **1. NUMBERS**\n",
        "\n",
        "*   integers\n",
        "*   floats\n",
        "\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1n_mX6WNhekM",
        "outputId": "7fff7588-402e-405e-a2e3-4d4fc03fc7a4",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "8"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 639
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "5+3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GinTRdnqhekO",
        "outputId": "568132d0-c216-4cce-8ff5-3442ec4e68ba",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "10"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 640
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "5*2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Bz5fgRgLhekP",
        "outputId": "714f4766-180f-42d8-e639-b984ca64d72a",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "128"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 641
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "2 ** 7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3Q8eN3MihekP",
        "outputId": "7eff6a4c-377f-4bb0-b0eb-8fbb02d13880",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "3.5"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 642
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "7 / 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Yy9LuZv7hekQ",
        "outputId": "7c561526-1b96-4dee-9a26-cfcf8f913a61",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "3"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 643
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "7 // 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6e9BURpxhekQ",
        "outputId": "cdc8b06c-d413-48c6-dcb9-36d4e511f04e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 644
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "9 % 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(5) #check type of data with function type()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "lhqtUI5rOGWM",
        "outputId": "f06bb3af-acbb-4bec-e06d-8800e59b9e45"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "int"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 645
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(2.5)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "nE3wawTcOU-T",
        "outputId": "bded823c-6b9a-4234-d45c-b90cb7bf8b17"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "float"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 646
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title #####print()\n",
        "print(5+2)\n",
        "4-1"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "knb2znIPPQYl",
        "outputId": "4f8ce7a1-e4a5-4438-de45-a5448bc29db8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "7\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "3"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 647
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(5+2,4-1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Eg0pF6eoPmds",
        "outputId": "5e65a4fa-7536-44ad-91d1-b2c0efc5e810"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "7 3\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a=3\n",
        "b=5\n",
        "c=10\n",
        "\n",
        "print(a,b,c) #print both variables in one line\n",
        "print(a,b,c,sep = '\\n') #print both variables with line break"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "8iozUAevP0O7",
        "outputId": "3bd89061-b059-427c-c5f6-08bbe0f6dc09"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "3 5 10\n",
            "3\n",
            "5\n",
            "10\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "c.as_integer_ratio()               #expressing float as ratio of integers -> calling method as_integer_ratio() on float object c"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "0SFcmKwRQyiq",
        "outputId": "f880c88a-bee1-4525-f064-22accdb5270e"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(10, 1)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 650
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "c.is_integer()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 182
        },
        "id": "HfVE6eUrQygb",
        "outputId": "b5e2714f-126a-44da-8cd5-b42f8ea3a268"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "AttributeError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-651-2aa55b0256c3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 1>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mis_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'int' object has no attribute 'is_integer'"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "c.denominator"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "b70OKjWFRYHl",
        "outputId": "c44d6b20-3843-44d3-f5c8-0d218eeca67d"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 652
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "b.numerator"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7o2gpTfaRdWY"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "d= b/a\n",
        "d"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xAHAqTYKRmHu"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "round(d,2) #rounding to a given precision in decimal digits"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "N9P53A1DR8Hb"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "d.as_integer_ratio()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iURtMSS2R3pz"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#transfrom float to integer\n",
        "int(d)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zu5_WD_uSA9v"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#transform integer to float\n",
        "float(a)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qq5gWpOLSKAk"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#transform integer to string\n",
        "\"5\""
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TrMRXTrhSOla"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(str(5))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gbZ_phGbSaOS"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BFcrqDfahekR"
      },
      "source": [
        "### * Variable Assignment"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "L1VDTJN0hekR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_num = 3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aQIVrgJZhekR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_num"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6Ic6_cvPhekR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "a = 4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "i8A3vehNhekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "b= my_num + a\n",
        "b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_favourite_car = \"Volvo\"\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gsT3nvKoQHaD"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_favourite_car"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "azzup9CkQRon"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"Cat\" = \"Dog\" #string object cannot serve as variable"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GS9ADxHwQW_0"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "5 = \"Number\"   #integer/float object cannot serve as variable"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8FamnsIVQgtM"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tPmrl81jhekS"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **2. STRINGS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NEsEeeVRhekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "Go Ahead"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "scrolled": true,
        "id": "xGJ7a7H0hekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "\"Go Ahead\""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(\"Go Ahead\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xB9B5FCyOdcN"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "uQChCLVYhekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "Code = 6524\n",
        "Name = \"Brave\""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2WsA14InhekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "print('my Code number is {}, and my name is {}'.format(Code,Name))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KN0aDepAhekS"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_str = 'Go ahead, Keep learning #Python'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HN1QYp41hekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_str.lower()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1GyvEF0BhekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_str.upper()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "scrolled": true,
        "id": "mWf2xT8OhekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_str.split()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "scrolled": true,
        "id": "KdZ8mWVEhekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_str.split('#')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#addition of two strings\n",
        "my_str+\" \"+Name"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mWkF9RVUSstp"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "Name*5"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iZUq2WEaTgKI"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#concatenate many strings to one string\n",
        "\n",
        "statement= \"I \"+\"have \"+\"5 \"+\"dogs.\"\n",
        "statement"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WW5wfeDlTmT0"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W1CsaAA0hekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# @title ##### using \"IN\" method\n",
        "'c' in [4,2,6]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bp7zz059hekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "'c' in ['a','b','c']"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title string {}format()\n",
        "money = \"USD\"\n",
        "total = 100000\n",
        "print(\"I have {} {}.\".format(total,money))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ey8dZUaqT-Kc"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LKo7XBYRhekT"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **3. BOOLEANS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "r4ZnshEmhekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "b=True"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qMpb11DVhekT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mK-tWHDOhekU"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "False"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7R0cmmqthekU"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **4. TUPLES**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FDjl6BFihekU"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# paranthesis are used for tuples\n",
        "t= (1,2,3)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2taWezbChekU"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "t"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YKTJfHXlhekU"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# extracting from tuples. Be careful! unlike R, indexing starts from 0 and not 1\n",
        "t[0]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oAXlJYxNhekU"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "t[0] = 10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "##### Note that TUPLES are immutable. You cannot assign some NEW variables to them. Where do we use it? ( Values can not be changed )"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rW8FGBfnqHD_"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dgx2SYIShekU"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **5. LISTS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2sFO2oHkhekV"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Bracket [] are used to make lists. Note: [] does the same job as list() function in R.\n",
        "[1,2,3]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0-niln0bhekV"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list = ['Learning',10,[1,\"a\",2], (4,\"b\",5)]\n",
        "my_list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lthSQjdehekZ"
      },
      "source": [
        "* Notice that the integers 1 and 3 in the list (and the tuple) above are not coerced into strings"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9WnmhQ8FMPjW"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# @title #####counting amount of elements in list\n",
        "len(my_list)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title #####transforming string to list, everthing can be a list element\n",
        "p = list(\"This is a string!\")\n",
        "p"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "39vBTFLgUmCt"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title  #####sum of numeric values in list\n",
        "number=[1,2,3,4,5]\n",
        "sum(number)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gAFGfMnlVGuJ"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title  #####sum of numeric values in list\n",
        "number=[1,2,3,4,5]\n",
        "sum(number)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WXnk4SEyVcku"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W1cgHegkhekZ"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### 5a - Extracting elements from a list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "umQ3KDpkhekZ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "uHrii3NYhekZ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[0]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8HH8szaVhekZ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[2]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZeeIwppeheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[2][1]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "IYzbxOoJheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[2][-1]  # extracting the last element."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dhg0j1zYheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[1:3]  # starting from index 1 (the second element) and NOT including index 3 (the forth element)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BncVYkfqheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[1:]  # extracting from index 1 (second element) to the end."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "11oyjKEEheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[:2]  # extracting from index 0 up to (and not including) index 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_list[::2] #every second element beginning from first (incl.)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jcPOGpklZeul"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_list[::3] #every third element beginning from first (incl.)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "euiMCBDwaDIo"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_list[1::2] #every second element beginning from second (incl.)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zJta8DIOaOD8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "G03WnTP-heka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list[0] = 'NEW'  # unlike tuples, lists are mutable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "a_WIkuzKheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "my_list[0:2] = [50, 51, 52]        #assigning many new values to many elements\n",
        "my_list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qg7W_HUsaiN1"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jXHJIWW5aiKn"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title #####getting the index position of the first occurence of element 5\n",
        "\n",
        "my_list.index(50)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mH0QlSXlY7kp"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#Because it is tuple , it is unmutable.You can not assign any new variable\n",
        "my_list[3][1]='e'"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MfQYVbd7rfu8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "***important:  Tuples can not assign new item."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8zURULrjsHIv"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kvdEpTYjheka"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### 5b - Adding elements to a list\n",
        "using append()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ykiwOSnSheka"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list.append('new string 1')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BEQoBWp4hekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_VezyrHqhekb"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### 5c - Removing elements from a list\n",
        "using clear(), pop(), remove() and del.\n",
        "* Remove all items: clear()\n",
        "* Remove an item by index and get its value: pop()\n",
        "* Remove an item by value: remove()\n",
        "* Remove items by index or slice: del"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "SLbBU0xshekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l1 = my_list.copy()\n",
        "l2 = my_list.copy()\n",
        "l3 = my_list.copy()\n",
        "l4 = my_list.copy()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fclSC5slhekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XwKTiOBThekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l1.clear()\n",
        "l1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qxjS72ujhekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_EP7wvePhekb"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l2.pop(0)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eqXMwRethekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MT6i9Z3Mhekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "i63Ud74Jhekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l3.remove('new string 1')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LcXyTfrchekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6SJXvtBChekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lk1vEzE0hekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "del l4[0]\n",
        "l4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tCQENHM-hekc"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "del l4[1:]\n",
        "l4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ttwwN9d1WPvG"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### 5d - using count(), reverse(), sort()\n",
        "* count()    #number of occurences of element -> built in method list.count()\n",
        "* reverse() #reverse sequence of elements  -> built in method list.reverse()\n",
        "* sort()    #sorting all elements  -> built in method list.sort()\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "plate=[1,2,4,5,7,8,9,2,4]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gY-03wx_X4l7"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "plate.count(4)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "q1z00ljjXB0w"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "plate.reverse()\n",
        "plate"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-v9eJcOYXibY"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "plate.sort(reverse = True)\n",
        "plate"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nERBV22nXiZN"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title #####adding / concatenating two lists\n",
        "plate + [6,7,8]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "t7n9sUt8YRL0"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title #####concatenates two copies / no element-wise multiplication!\n",
        "plate*2"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EIxz2-DEYoCf"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# @title ##### String can  multiple elements in list\n",
        "m = \"Monkey\"\n",
        "m[4]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fUx6KY-ebIxE"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "m[-1]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mPrSkDh5bon8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "m[4]='l'"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "IrJ6aw8bbIu0"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZgsslDW2hekc"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **6. DICTIONARIES**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JEriOPAnhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Braces and colons { 'key1' : value1 , 'key2' : value2 , ...}  are used for dictionaries. You can use keys (and not indexes) to extract information\n",
        "# Dictionaries do not retian any order! very useful when you don't want to extract info based on index number\n",
        "my_dict = {'key1':'joker','key2':[10,20,30,40]}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VNvHzGIthekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9fi-QOfOhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict[1]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DsAM4nAVhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict['key2']"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nIhO_Yfkhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict['key2'][2]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-Z_JAdVZhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict.keys()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iigwAtYvhekd"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict.items()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Tf0EvG42heke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_dict.values()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p-rjJyt3heke"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **7. SETS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rwVaGSVEheke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# set is a collection of UNIQUE elements.\n",
        "# to define a set, we can either use Braces {} or the set() function\n",
        "{1,2,3}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "y_i7NA_Oheke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "{10,20,30,10,20,15,20,30,30,35,35,20,25,20,10,15,25}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Po9QyQvsheke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "set([6,8,6,5,8,7,6,7,6,5,8,6,7,5,8,7,6])"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LFj0ITF7heke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_set={'T','2',3}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gQLrgHtkheke"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_set.remove('2')\n",
        "my_set"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3SG8syY1hekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_set.add(4)\n",
        "my_set"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Erv6ETHDhekf"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **8. COMPARISON OPERATORS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Tn_rNhemhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "6 > 4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EytLdiGnhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "7< 6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gXl-Q2R8hekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "2 <= 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XY4P5vwXhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "1 == 1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OTd7rEmfhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "'CAR' == 'CAR'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "s_Yr2nnvhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "'CAR' == 'car'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fNxGmDhwhekf"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "'CAR' != 'car'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QtKSByBGhekg"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "(10 > 20) and (20 < 30) # all the statements must be true"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iqILiK7hhekg"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "(10 > 20) or (20 < 30)  # only one of the true elements safices!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FrnY8mhRhekg"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "(10 == 20) or (20 == 30) or (40 == 40)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "False & False"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fhj8BFJmchCs"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "(5 < 2) & (7 < 2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WIduZyt9cgzs"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "True & False"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4oOtDXFYcNBK"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "True or True #Logical OR: True if at least one condition is True"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_ZDXDqzUcRzB"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "True | True # | works as well in most cases"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CwJpD1_ccYVi"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "(5 > 2) | (7 > 2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6k1cE3wFccCM"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "True | False"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XEJhbhLKcsfg"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "(5 > 2) | (7 < 2)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "70ZxYrPWcuRG"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "False | False"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NGpHqXBucuOh"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PF1T6zCoMPjw"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not False #True if False"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EqIyUnThMPjw"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not True #False if True"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "c9qvFBdIMPjw"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not((not(5 > 2)) | (7 < 2))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EgSbeJ9LdAvp"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not False #True if False"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VN3XSSVfdAvz"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not True #False if True"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ce74ppazdAvz"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "not((not(5 > 2)) | (7 < 2))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rw1vedf6hekg"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **9. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS**\n",
        "**if,elif, else**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2Hg90eughekg"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if 10 < 20:\n",
        "    print('CORRECT')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "k_EnvxR7hekg"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if 10 < 20:\n",
        "    print('CORRECT')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('WRONG')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UJedDdZlhekh"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if 10 > 20:\n",
        "    print('CORRECT')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('WRONG')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lK_8NTPjhekh"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if 10 == 20:\n",
        "    print('first is CORRECT')\n",
        "elif 30 == 30:\n",
        "    print('second  is WRONG')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('last condition is CORRECT')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "**9. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS**\n",
        "\n",
        "if,elif, else"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j17vkFb8dmsB"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "if 10 < 20:\n",
        "    print('CORRECT')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('WRONG')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Wh5PO0Z7d2_3"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "if 10 > 20:\n",
        "    print('CORRECT')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('WRONG')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bqe7s-oWd5tA"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "if 10 == 20:\n",
        "    print('first is CORRECT')\n",
        "elif 30 == 30:\n",
        "    print('second  is WRONG')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print('last condition is CORRECT')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6GCDtLdBd9sS"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "----\n",
        "----"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "u9gnE0wqdG38"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "C-zx1kPBMPj2"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if a < 10:\n",
        "    print(\"a is less than 10\")\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print(\"a is not less than 10\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "---"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NN1ywMexjqnc"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zBF5HCgsMPj3"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "Price = 1000\n",
        "discount_intervals = [50, 100, 200]\n",
        "discounts = [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-EA_SXEHMPj3"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if Price < discount_intervals[0]: #if price less than 50:\n",
        "    Price = Price*(1-discounts[0]) #no discount\n",
        "elif Price < discount_intervals[1]: #if price between 50 and 100(excl.):\n",
        "    Price = Price*(1-discounts[1]) # 10% discount\n",
        "elif Price < discount_intervals[2]: #if price between 100 and 200 (excl.):\n",
        "    Price = Price*(1-discounts[2]) # 20% discount\n",
        "else: #if price greater or equal 200:\n",
        "    Price = Price*(1-discounts[3]) # 25% discount\n",
        "print(\"The after-discount price is {}!\".format(Price))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j6h4zlJThekh"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **10. FOR Loops**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vy_1_LeKhekh"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "range(10)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "L3meOfPyhekh"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(range(10))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LQD0JlX8heki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for item in range(10):\n",
        "    print(item)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5hyOShp1heki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for item in range(1,10,2):\n",
        "    print(item)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EXrxK53wheki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# tuple unpacking using for loop\n",
        "a= [(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5_gSCnqnheki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "a"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "l8_U-rqVheki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for x,y in a:\n",
        "    print('First element is {} and second element is {}'.format(x,y))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mLLFEjtFheki"
      },
      "source": [
        "##### enumerate()\n",
        "A lot of times when dealing with iterators, we also get a need to keep a **count of iterations**. Python eases the programmers’ task by providing a built-in function enumerate() for this task.\n",
        "\n",
        "enumerate() method adds a counter to an iterable and returns it in a form of enumerate object. This enumerate object can then be used directly in for loops or be converted into a list of tuples using list() method.\n",
        "\n",
        "-------------------------------------\n",
        "\n",
        "##### numaralandır()\n",
        "Yineleyicilerle uğraşırken çoğu zaman **yineleme sayısını** tutma ihtiyacı da duyarız. Python, bu görev için yerleşik bir enumerate() işlevi sağlayarak programcıların görevini kolaylaştırır.\n",
        "\n",
        "enumerate() yöntemi yinelenebilir bir sayıya bir sayaç ekler ve onu bir numaralandırma nesnesi biçiminde döndürür. Bu numaralandırma nesnesi daha sonra doğrudan for döngülerinde kullanılabilir veya list() yöntemi kullanılarak bir tuple listesine dönüştürülebilir."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "i4jvZT6Bheki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "b= ['car1','car2','car3','car4','car5']"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7QBClr3bheki"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(enumerate(b))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bC-FEy-Nhekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for counter, item in enumerate(b):\n",
        "    print (counter, item)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gMRgSdrZhekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# you want to change the index of counter starting from 1?\n",
        "for counter, item in enumerate(b,start=1):\n",
        "    print (counter, item)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "------"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3pmAAf8-fOY5"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "cZVVsIBgMPj6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l = [1,2,3,4]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xjj3DoQOMPj6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l*2 #no element-wise multiplication!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-kSLylxAMPj6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for element in l: #iteration over all elements in list l\n",
        "    print(element) #with each element, do the following:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MkTOt27bMPj6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l:\n",
        "    print(i*2) #no limitations on the actions, here square each element"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "K_DAdQHIMPj6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l:\n",
        "    j = i*2 #assign new variable before printing\n",
        "    print(j)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WjTo0ypAMPj7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count = 0 #same as len(l)\n",
        "for _ in l:\n",
        "    count += 1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TkrB0q80MPj7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "-----"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WyoGaJdbfTJL"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wuo_i2MAMPj7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "d = \"Dog\"\n",
        "d"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oiIiP9L0MPj7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for element in d: #iteration over string object\n",
        "    print(element)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bNtKLguuMPj7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in d: #iteration over string object(2)\n",
        "    print(i.upper())"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kjeLCzB2MPj8"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count = 0 #iteration over string object(3)\n",
        "for _ in d:\n",
        "    count = count+1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "effEjI3NMPj8"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "---------------"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "66MsLTgTfWtY"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "S7cDFR4-MPj8"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "g = range(1,5) #creating a range object (\"storing\" integers from 1 (incl.) to 5 (excl.))\n",
        "g"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KT42unZPMPj9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "type(g) #range object"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Gp8U7YYmMPj9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(g) #calling a range object by creating a list"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "-----------------"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ht-XWDIZfZR_"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "psxqVE4xMPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in range(1,5): #iterating from 1 (incl.) till 5 (excl.) -> 4 iterations\n",
        "    print(i)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j_o8Ib80MPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in range(5): #creating 5 iterations\n",
        "    print(i)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aNUGrqmrMPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in range(0,10,3): #from 0 to 10 (excl.), every third element\n",
        "    print(i)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZrSmwPJEMPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in range(1,11): #flexible operations\n",
        "    print(i*2)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "--------"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LZYA735IfctV"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ztTPViffMPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "xyz = [] #store square numbers from 1 till 10 in a list\n",
        "for i in range(1,11):\n",
        "    square = i**2\n",
        "    xyz.append(square)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1kb5k76ZMPj-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "xyz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0Pf9760QMPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "[i**2 for i in range(1,11)] #List Comprehension does the same job!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "---"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "T1gCL6frf4WG"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gazjRyboMPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count = 0 #count all numbers between 0 and 10000 that are divisible by 2 and 5 without remainder\n",
        "for i in range(10000+1):\n",
        "    if (i%2==0) & (i%5==0):\n",
        "        count+=1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "c5QL31WPMPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": true,
        "id": "4YbXS7bjMPj_"
      },
      "source": [
        "### continue, break and pass"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "773ye8bqMPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l = [1,3,5,7,10,11,13,14,15]\n",
        "l"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bfCgfB66MPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l: #finding the first even element in l\n",
        "    if i%2 == 0:\n",
        "        print(\"The first even element is {}!\".format(i))\n",
        "        break #if the condition is met once, stop iterating!\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "        print(\"{} is odd!\".format(i))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RZAD1csMMPj_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l: #finding the first even element in l\n",
        "    if i%2 == 0:\n",
        "        print(\"The first even element is {}!\".format(i))\n",
        "        break"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Y6GrxO-FMPkA"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l: #finding the first even element in l\n",
        "    if i%2 != 0:\n",
        "        pass #do nothing, ignore\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "        print(\"The first even element is {}!\".format(i))\n",
        "        break"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NYj3JVZOMPkA"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l: #finding the first even element in l\n",
        "    if i%2 != 0:\n",
        "        continue\n",
        "        print(i)\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "        print(\"The first even element is {}!\".format(i))\n",
        "        break"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BijHS1x9MPkA"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "for i in l: #finding the first even element in l\n",
        "    if i == 10:\n",
        "        continue #ignore and continue immediately with next element\n",
        "    if i%2 == 0:\n",
        "        print(\"The first even element is {}!\".format(i))\n",
        "        break\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "        print(\"{} is odd!\".format(i))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fm2UooFNhekj"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **11. WHILE Loops**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vFcIBZMmhekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# in python     while condition true: do something."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ILoEhfX2hekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "count = 1\n",
        "\n",
        "while count <= 10:\n",
        "    print('count is: {}'.format(count))\n",
        "    count+=1             # this is equivalent to count = count+1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "------"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "daXzUv-8eRXF"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2IcPcOMrMPj4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "a = 10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GvOkw70DMPj4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if a < 20: #check if conditional statement is True or False -> True\n",
        "    a += 1 #if conditional statement is True, do this\n",
        "    print(a) #and this"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "q2NHYorcMPj4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "a = 10\n",
        "while a < 20: #check if conditional statement is True or False -> True\n",
        "    a += 1 #if conditional statement is True, do this\n",
        "    print(a) #and this, and repeat process"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "a"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "enkgE61BeWfh"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "-----"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Ha4ZMsfKee10"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UncmneL2MPj5"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "max_weight = 1000 #max weight allowed\n",
        "weight = 1100 #actual weight\n",
        "reduction_steps = 17 #reduced weight per step (e.g. weight of one container)\n",
        "\n",
        "while weight > max_weight: #check if freight is too high\n",
        "    print(\"The Freight with {} tons is too heavy!\".format(weight)) #if weight too high, give warning message...\n",
        "    weight -= reduction_steps #...and reduce weight by unloading one container -> Check again and again!\n",
        "print(\"The Freight with {} tons is OK!\".format(weight)) #give me the final weight that is acceptable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Yh9HycAnhekj"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **12. LIST comprehension**\n",
        "This is very useful for **conditional mutation**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WgngGjywhekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "vote = [10,20,30,40,50]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "k1cP8hWghekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "vote"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1r1aJDqLhekj"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_list = []  # empty list. In R we use list() to create empty list.\n",
        "for i in vote:\n",
        "    my_list.append(i*2+100)\n",
        "print(my_list)\n",
        "\n",
        "# we can do all this in one line"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jgJuG2gShekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "[a**2+1 for a in range(1,6)]    # this is like mapply(function(x) x^2+1, 1:5) in R"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vFRipmOthekk"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **13. FUNCTIONS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GE5rKyInhekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# in Python:   def my_func(inputs): do something\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5jxm8fIXhekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def my_func(x=10):\n",
        "    \"\"\"\n",
        "    documentation of your function\n",
        "    \"\"\"\n",
        "    print(x*2)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Yg8rOFLHhekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_func    # press shift tab to see the documentation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UF7zIFiqhekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_func() # if you don't assign any default values you will get an error."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9Zw6Gq6ehekk"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "my_func(50)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "---"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sGpguYIIg_xx"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DNeJTnf9MPkC"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "k = [3,2,5,6] #create list k"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E8aRx0uAMPkC"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "print(k) #function print()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vKXhOW3hMPkC"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "k = sorted(k) #function sorted()\n",
        "k"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dVQgnQNgMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "k.append(7) #built-in list method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PQr-Fd-8MPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "len(k) #function len()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E4oHWfbqMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "min(k) #function min()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BLUi45iiMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "max(k) #function max()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "i3VBRTfiMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "sum(k) #function sum()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gbAIqgYhMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mean(k) #function mean() -> does not exist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Np4q0aqcMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def mean(x):\n",
        "    mean = sum(x) / len(x) #calculating mean(l) with sum(l) / len(l)\n",
        "    return mean"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Op17SXYzMPkD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def mean(x): #defining function mean() with parameter x, which calculates the mean value of sequence x\n",
        "    return sum(x) / len(x)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XnVRbqhgMPkE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mean(k) #calling the function by passing the argument k to the function"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LFEbGg34MPkE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mean(x = k) #same as above (argument k for parameter x)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ArcBsZHAMPkE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "z = (4,5,6,7)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ENDFXztfMPkE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mean(z) #works as well with tuples"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "---"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kLnY7ef9h9sK"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "370Mt0CcMPkE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "n = 8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4qMUR_KWMPkF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "n**2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tVy4jqhTMPkF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def square(x): #parameter x without default value\n",
        "    return x**2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CQxrRUNAMPkF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square(4) #calling the function by passing the argument 4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tsXrZxgbMPkF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square(x = 4) #same as above"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5WJJYgrYMPkF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square() #no default value defined -> Error"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E9e8AeWdMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def square2(x = 2): #parameter x with default value\n",
        "    return x**2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W6GG2kHlMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square2() #can be called with default value 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2u33pZsHMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square2(4) #can be called with new argument 4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E9ep9l0OMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "square2(x = 4) #same as above"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pJfmYneiMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def power(x,y): #function can have more than one parameter\n",
        "    return x**y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RP1DtcdoMPkG"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(2,7) #call the function with argument 2 for parameter x and argument 7 for parameter y (2 positional arguments)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E8xdIAeaMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(x = 2, y = 7) #same as above (2 keyword arguments)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "l6Ow25xZMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(y = 7, x = 2) #can change position of keyword arguments"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EuHnsXwQMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(x = 2, 7) #keyword arguments must follow positional arguments!!!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Xtec-B9WMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(2, y = 7) #keyword arguments must follow positional arguments!!!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NuKlGvCuMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def power2(x = 2, y = 7): #two parameters with default values\n",
        "    return x**y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Tn13hMlEMPkH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2() #function call with default values"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iTMkhUWTMPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(3,2) #function call with new values (2 positional arguments)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rFDl60TkMPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(x = 3, y = 2) #function call with new values (2 keyword arguments)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "z1F5arj8MPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(x = 3) #changing parameter x:(1) new value for keyword parameter x and default value for parameter y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "SvTadKnVMPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(3) #changing parameter x:(2) new value for positional parameter x and default value for parameter y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KanOdKxYMPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(3, x = 2)  #changing parameter y:(1) multiple values for x (positional & keyword argument)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "X8pAKXKpMPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(x = 2, 3)   #changing parameter y:(2) keyword arguments must follow positional arguments!!!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JMA4Cnf1MPkI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(y = 3)   #changing parameter y:(3) one default value for x,  keyword argument for y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_uvuUW5DMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power2(x = 2, y = 3) #changing parameter y:(4) two keyword arguments -> BEST PRACTICE!!!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DUMPFh89MPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "z = power2(x = 2, y = 3) #can assign return value of function to new variable\n",
        "z"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "twq6GPFRMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def calc(x,y): #can return multiple values\n",
        "    return x+y, x-y, x*y"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "En9t3QulMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "calc(5,2) #returns tuple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZVhi1xFpMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def calc2(x,y): #same as above\n",
        "    add = x+y\n",
        "    sub = x-y\n",
        "    mult = x*y\n",
        "    return add, sub, mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tYDgf8SfMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "calc2(5,2)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6FQI-2CEMPkJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "c = calc2(5,2) #assign results tuple to variable c\n",
        "c"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_J92kL5AMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "add, sub, mult = c #unpack tuple and assign variables add, sub, mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FxXgtKObMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "add"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nHnrotCpMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "sub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "O4lv-qsGMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KumShGUjMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wD2SX4LzMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "add, sub, mult = calc2(5,2) # calling the fucntion and assigning results to variables add, sub, mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "298od6qBMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "add"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Zyf28ZvFMPkK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "sub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7cZO4ZcSMPkL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HsMvetPhMPkL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]\n",
        "l"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_YOAIjpZMPkL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def median(x): #conditional return (returns median value of sequence x)\n",
        "    n = len(x)\n",
        "    if n < 1:\n",
        "            return None\n",
        "    if n % 2 == 1:\n",
        "            return sorted(x)[n//2]\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "            return sum(sorted(x)[n//2-1:n//2+1])/2.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j-ao-lqEMPkL"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "median(l)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "InQDLGswhekk"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 13a. map() and filter() functions\n",
        "\n",
        "These methods expect a function object as the first argument. This function object can be a pre-defined method with a name (like def add(x,y)).\n",
        "\n",
        "Though, more often than not, functions passed to map() and filter() are the ones you'd use only once, so there's often no point in defining a referenceable function.\n",
        "\n",
        "To avoid defining a new function for your different map()/filter() needs - a more elegant solution would be to use a short, disposable, anonymous function that you will only use once and never again - a **lambda** expression."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4HbxFfA_hekk"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 13b. lambda expressions (anonymous function)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rXXgfEunhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def power(x):\n",
        "    return x**3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nAMx2RGnhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "power(2)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Vmz8dc4Vhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "lambda x: x**3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gouhYaGEhekl"
      },
      "source": [
        "Now let's combine lambda and the two methods:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tnKQoG9yhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "seq = [10,20,30]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LDDDr6uyhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "seq"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "i1hZdKg_hekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(map(power,seq))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EOGJtt1_hekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(map(lambda x: x**3,range(1,4)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Bx77SwtOhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(filter(lambda x: x>3,range(10)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PrhyEpkxhekl"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# another example\n",
        "stocks = ['AAPL', 'MSFT', 'AMZN', 'TSLA']\n",
        "stocks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7u2XIfurhekm"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# we want to see if stocks in the list start with letter A or not\n",
        "list(map(lambda x : x[0]=='A' , stocks))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oDShdRCFhekm"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# or we want to select only the stocks that start with letter A and ends with 'L'\n",
        "list(filter(lambda x: x[0]=='A' and x[-1]=='L' , stocks))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sa5G3UX8hekm"
      },
      "source": [
        "Passing multiple arguments to the map() function:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YF44IGQThekm"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "list(map(lambda x,y : x+y , [1,2], [3,4]))"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
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      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.9.7"
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