Update Prost (proto) dependencies to latest versions

[UebelAndre]

This change also bumps the min tested Rust version to Rust 1.72.1 which is about a year old at this point.

[UebelAndre]

I do not know how to update MOUDLE.bazel. The packages there seem to be a subset of what's needed I can't find notes on how it's supposed to be updated

relates to #2368

[UebelAndre]

I do not know how to update MOUDLE.bazel. The packages there seem to be a subset of what's needed I can't find notes on how it's supposed to be updated

relates to #2368

I ended up looking at @rules_rust//proto/prost/private/3rdparty/crates/BUILD.bazel and copying the repositories from all aliases and manually updating MODULE.bazel as well as manually adding rules_rust_prost and rules_rust_prost__heck. This really should be something crate_universe does automatically (since I already used crates_vendor to update the dependencies).