✨ adopt ruff formatter (#464)

## Description

This PR adopts ruff's new formatter as a drop-in replacement for black.
See https://astral.sh/blog/the-ruff-formatter for a nice introduction.
It's faster, allows us to drop a dependency and reduces configuration.

## Checklist:

<!---
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your pull request will be merged swiftly.
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- [x] The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
- [x] I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
- [x] I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
- [x] The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the
project's style guidelines.

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ repos:
 
   # Python linting using ruff
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.1.1
+    rev: v0.1.3
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+      - id: ruff-format
 
   # Static type checking using mypy
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
@@ -68,18 +69,12 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies:
           - pytest
 
-  # Run code formatting with Black
-  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 23.10.0 # Keep in sync with blacken-docs
-    hooks:
-      - id: black-jupyter
-
   # Also run Black on examples in the documentation
   - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
     rev: 1.16.0
     hooks:
       - id: blacken-docs
-        additional_dependencies: [black==23.10.0] # Keep in sync with blacken-docs
+        additional_dependencies: [black==23.*]
 
   # Clang-format the C++ part of the code base automatically
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format

pyproject.toml

@@ -125,10 +125,6 @@ ENABLE_IPO = "ON"
 write_to = "src/mqt/core/_version.py"
 
 
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 120
-
-
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 minversion = "7.0"
 addopts = ["-ra", "--strict-markers", "--strict-config"]
@@ -168,8 +164,12 @@ module = ["qiskit.*", "matplotlib.*"]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
 [tool.ruff]
-include = ["*.py", "*.pyi", "**/pyproject.toml", "*.ipynb"]
-select = [
+line-length = 120
+extend-include = ["*.ipynb"]
+src = ["src"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+extend-select = [
     "E", "F", "W", # flake8
     "A",           # flake8-builtins
     "ANN",         # flake8-annotations
@@ -207,17 +207,15 @@ select = [
     "UP",          # pyupgrade
     "YTT",         # flake8-2020
 ]
-extend-ignore = [
+ignore = [
     "E501",    # Line too long (Black is enough)
     "PLR",     # Design related pylint codes
 ]
 typing-modules = ["mqt.core._compat.typing"]
-src = ["src"]
 flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 isort.required-imports = ["from __future__ import annotations"]
-line-length = 120
 
-[tool.ruff.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
 "typing.Callable".msg = "Use collections.abc.Callable instead."
 "typing.Iterator".msg = "Use collections.abc.Iterator instead."
 "typing.Mapping".msg = "Use collections.abc.Mapping instead."
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ line-length = 120
 "importlib.resources".msg = "Use scikit_build_core._compat.importlib.resources instead."
 "importlib_resources".msg = "Use scikit_build_core._compat.importlib.resources instead."
 
-[tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "*.pyi" = ["D"]  # pydocstyle
 "*.ipynb" = [
     "D",    # pydocstyle