♻️ Refactor based on changes to Operation class in mqt-core

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR updates DDSIM to the latest mqt-core version that has dropped some long-overdue parameters of functions and members of classes. In particular, the operation classes no longer need the total number of qubits and the starting qubit in order to properly function.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.6%. Comparing base (ec820a6) to head (edb891e).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #363     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.8%   92.6%   -0.2%     
=======================================
  Files         37      37             
  Lines       2552    2552             
  Branches     310     309      -1     
=======================================
- Hits        2369    2365      -4     
- Misses       183     187      +4     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	94.5% <100.0%> (-0.3%)	⬇️
python	87.7% <ø> (ø)

Files	Coverage Δ
src/CircuitSimulator.cpp	90.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/DeterministicNoiseSimulator.cpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.cpp	97.3% <100.0%> (ø)
src/PathSimulator.cpp	89.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/ShorFastSimulator.cpp	95.3% <100.0%> (ø)
src/ShorSimulator.cpp	96.1% <100.0%> (-1.2%)	⬇️
src/StochasticNoiseSimulator.cpp	95.6% <100.0%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes