feat: Improve caching logic and add disk caching option

[ogabrielluiz]

This pull request includes several commits that improve the caching logic in the codebase. The Graph class now handles exceptions and cache updates more reliably. The ResultData class has been updated to use key-value pairs in the outputs dictionary for better readability. The get_requester_result method in the Vertex class now uses async await for proper asynchronous handling. Additionally, the cache_type setting has been restricted to specific literals for enhanced type safety and clarity. The pull request also introduces a new AsyncDiskCache class and adds the diskcache package version 5.6.3 to the project dependencies for improved disk-based caching functionality.

[github-actions]

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_{Last Modified at 08 Aug 24 18:03 UTC}

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