docs: improve UPGRADING.md instructions for v0.46.0 (backport cosmos#…

…12646) (cosmos#13004)

* docs: improve UPGRADING.md instructions for v0.46.0 (cosmos#12646)

## Description

This PR is aimed to improve further the UGPRADING.md for v0.46.0.
We've merged cosmos#12477 for having concurrent work on the file.

- ref cosmos#12992 and closes cosmos#12991
- closes cosmos#12963

---

### Author Checklist

*All items are required. Please add a note to the item if the item is not applicable and
please add links to any relevant follow up issues.*

I have...

- [ ] included the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] added `!` to the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] targeted the correct branch (see [PR Targeting](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-targeting))
- [ ] provided a link to the relevant issue or specification
- [ ] followed the guidelines for [building modules](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/docs/building-modules)
- [ ] included the necessary unit and integration [tests](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing)
- [ ] added a changelog entry to `CHANGELOG.md`
- [ ] included comments for [documenting Go code](https://blog.golang.org/godoc)
- [ ] updated the relevant documentation or specification
- [ ] reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary
- [ ] confirmed all CI checks have passed

### Reviewers Checklist

*All items are required. Please add a note if the item is not applicable and please add
your handle next to the items reviewed if you only reviewed selected items.*

I have...

- [ ] confirmed the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] confirmed `!` in the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed
- [ ] reviewed state machine logic
- [ ] reviewed API design and naming
- [ ] reviewed documentation is accurate
- [ ] reviewed tests and test coverage
- [ ] manually tested (if applicable)

(cherry picked from commit c76a00b)

# Conflicts:
#	.gitignore
#	CHANGELOG.md
#	Makefile
#	UPGRADING.md

* fix conflict

Co-authored-by: Julien Robert <julien@rbrt.fr>

.gitignore

@@ -50,10 +50,11 @@ vagrant
 
 # Graphviz
 dependency-graph.png
+debug_container.dot
 
 # Latex
 *.aux
 *.out
 *.synctex.gz
 /x/genutil/config/priv_validator_key.json
-/x/genutil/data/priv_validator_state.json
+/x/genutil/data/priv_validator_state.json

Makefile

@@ -433,10 +433,10 @@ proto-check-breaking:
 	@$(DOCKER_BUF) breaking --against $(HTTPS_GIT)#branch=main
 
 
-TM_URL              = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tendermint/tendermint/v0.34.20/proto/tendermint
-GOGO_PROTO_URL      = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/regen-network/protobuf/cosmos
-COSMOS_PROTO_URL    = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/regen-network/cosmos-proto/master
-CONFIO_URL          = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/confio/ics23/v0.7.0
+TM_URL              = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tendermint/tendermint/v0.34.21/proto/tendermint
+GOGO_PROTO_URL      = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/regen-network/protobuf/v1.3.3-alpha.regen.1
+COSMOS_PROTO_URL    = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/regen-network/cosmos-proto/v0.3.1
+CONFIO_URL          = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/confio/ics23/go/v0.7.0
 
 TM_CRYPTO_TYPES     = third_party/proto/tendermint/crypto
 TM_ABCI_TYPES       = third_party/proto/tendermint/abci

UPGRADING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# Upgrading Cosmos SDK
+
+This guide provides instructions for upgrading to specific versions of Cosmos SDK.
+
+## [v0.46.x](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/releases/tag/v0.46.0)
+
+### Go API Changes
+
+The `replace google.golang.org/grpc` directive can be removed from the `go.mod`, it is no more required to block the version.
+
+A few packages that were deprecated in the previous version are now removed.
+
+For instance, the REST API, deprecated in v0.45, is now removed. If you have not migrated yet, please follow the [instructions](https://docs.cosmos.network/v0.45/migrations/rest.html).
+
+To improve clarity of the API, some renaming and improvements has been done:
+
+| Package   | Previous                           | Current                              |
+| --------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| `simapp`  | `encodingConfig.Marshaler`         | `encodingConfig.Codec`               |
+| `simapp`  | `FundAccount`, `FundModuleAccount` | Functions moved to `x/bank/testutil` |
+| `types`   | `AccAddressFromHex`                | `AccAddressFromHexUnsafe`            |
+| `x/auth`  | `MempoolFeeDecorator`              | Use `DeductFeeDecorator` instead     |
+| `x/bank`  | `AddressFromBalancesStore`         | `AddressAndDenomFromBalancesStore`   |
+| `x/gov`   | `keeper.DeleteDeposits`            | `keeper.DeleteAndBurnDeposits`       |
+| `x/gov`   | `keeper.RefundDeposits`            | `keeper.RefundAndDeleteDeposits`     |
+| `x/{mod}` | package `legacy`                   | package `migrations`                 |
+
+For the exhaustive list of API renaming, please refer to the [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md).
+
+#### new packages
+
+Additionally, new packages have been introduced in order to further split the codebase. Aliases are available for a new API breaking migration, but it is encouraged to migrate to this new packages:
+
+* `errors` should replace `types/errors` when registering errors or wrapping SDK errors.
+* `math` contains the `Int` or `Uint` types that are used in the SDK.
+
+#### `x/authz`
+
+* `authz.NewMsgGrant` `expiration` is now a pointer. When `nil` is used, then no expiration will be set (grant won't expire).
+* `authz.NewGrant` takes a new argument: block time, to correctly validate expire time.
+
+### Keyring
+
+The keyring has been refactored in v0.46.
+
+* The `Unsafe*` interfaces have been removed from the keyring package. Please use interface casting if you wish to access those unsafe functions.
+* The keys' implementation has been refactored to be serialized as proto.
+* `keyring.NewInMemory` and `keyring.New` takes now a `codec.Codec`.
+* Take `keyring.Record` instead of `Info` as first argument in:
+        * `MkConsKeyOutput`
+        * `MkValKeyOutput`
+        * `MkAccKeyOutput`
+* Rename:
+        * `SavePubKey` to `SaveOfflineKey` and remove the `algo` argument.
+        * `NewMultiInfo`, `NewLedgerInfo`  to `NewLegacyMultiInfo`, `newLegacyLedgerInfo` respectively.
+        * `NewOfflineInfo` to `newLegacyOfflineInfo` and move it to `migration_test.go`.
+
+### PostHandler
+
+A `postHandler` is like an `antehandler`, but is run _after_ the `runMsgs` execution. It is in the same store branch that `runMsgs`, meaning that both `runMsgs` and `postHandler`. This allows to run a custom logic after the execution of the messages.
+
+### IAVL
+
+v0.19.0 IAVL introduces a new "fast" index. This index represents the latest state of the
+IAVL laid out in a format that preserves data locality by key. As a result, it allows for faster queries and iterations
+since data can now be read in lexicographical order that is frequent for Cosmos-SDK chains.
+
+The first time the chain is started after the upgrade, the aforementioned index is created. The creation process
+might take time and depends on the size of the latest state of the chain. For example, Osmosis takes around 15 minutes to rebuild the index.
+
+While the index is being created, node operators can observe the following in the logs:
+"Upgrading IAVL storage for faster queries + execution on the live state. This may take a while". The store
+key is appended to the message. The message is printed for every module that has a non-transient store.
+As a result, it gives a good indication of the progress of the upgrade.
+
+There is also downgrade and re-upgrade protection. If a node operator chooses to downgrade to IAVL pre-fast index, and then upgrade again, the index is rebuilt from scratch. This implementation detail should not be relevant in most cases. It was added as a safeguard against operator
+mistakes.
+
+### Modules
+
+#### `x/params`
+
+* The `x/param` module has been depreacted in favour of each module housing and providing way to modify their parameters. Each module that has parameters that are changable during runtime have an authority, the authority can be a module or user account. The Cosmos-SDK team recommends migrating modules away from using the param module. An example of how this could look like can be found [here](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/12363). 
+* The Param module will be maintained until April 18, 2023. At this point the module will reach end of life and be removed from the Cosmos SDK.
+
+#### `x/gov`
+
+The `gov` module has been greatly improved. The previous API has been moved to `v1beta1` while the new implementation is called `v1`.
+
+In order to submit a proposal with `submit-proposal` you now need to pass a `proposal.json` file.
+You can still use the old way by using `submit-legacy-proposal`. This is not recommended.
+More information can be found in the gov module [client documentation](https://docs.cosmos.network/v0.46/modules/gov/07_client.html).
+
+### Protobuf
+
+The `third_party/proto` folder that existed in [previous version](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/v0.45.3/third_party/proto) now does not contains directly the [proto files](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/release/v0.46.x/third_party/proto).
+
+Instead, the SDK uses [`buf`](https://buf.build). Clients should have their own [`buf.yaml`](https://docs.buf.build/configuration/v1/buf-yaml) with `buf.build/cosmos/cosmos-sdk` as dependency, in order to avoid having to copy paste these files.
+
+The protos can as well be downloaded using `buf export buf.build/cosmos/cosmos-sdk:$(curl -sS https://api.github.com/repos/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/commits/v0.46.0 | jq -r .sha) --output <some_folder>`.

third_party/proto/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Buf
+
+To generate the protos that were present in this folder run:
+
+```bash
+buf export buf.build/cosmos/cosmos-sdk:$(curl -sS https://api.github.com/repos/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/commits/<sdk_version_tag> | jq -r .sha) --output .
+```