Make it more clear what an about async fn's returns when referring to what it returns

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs

@@ -102,43 +102,89 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             None => String::new(),
         };
 
-        let (span_1, span_2, main_label, span_label) = match (sup_is_ret_type, sub_is_ret_type) {
-            (None, None) => {
-                let (main_label_1, span_label_1) = if ty_sup.hir_id == ty_sub.hir_id {
+        let (span_1, span_2, main_label, span_label, future_return_type) =
+            match (sup_is_ret_type, sub_is_ret_type) {
+                (None, None) => {
+                    let (main_label_1, span_label_1) = if ty_sup.hir_id == ty_sub.hir_id {
+                        (
+                            "this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...".to_owned(),
+                            "...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here".to_owned(),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        (
+                            "these two types are declared with different lifetimes...".to_owned(),
+                            format!("...but data{} flows{} here", span_label_var1, span_label_var2),
+                        )
+                    };
+                    (ty_sup.span, ty_sub.span, main_label_1, span_label_1, None)
+                }
+
+                (Some(ret_span), _) => {
+                    let sup_future = self.future_return_type(scope_def_id_sup);
+                    let (return_type, action) = if let Some(_) = sup_future {
+                        ("returned future", "held across an await point")
+                    } else {
+                        ("return type", "returned")
+                    };
+
                     (
-                        "this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...".to_owned(),
-                        "...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here".to_owned(),
+                        ty_sub.span,
+                        ret_span,
+                        format!(
+                            "this parameter and the {} are declared with different lifetimes...",
+                            return_type
+                        ),
+                        format!("...but data{} is {} here", span_label_var1, action),
+                        sup_future,
                     )
-                } else {
+                }
+                (_, Some(ret_span)) => {
+                    let sub_future = self.future_return_type(scope_def_id_sub);
+                    let (return_type, action) = if let Some(_) = sub_future {
+                        ("returned future", "held across an await point")
+                    } else {
+                        ("return type", "returned")
+                    };
+
                     (
-                        "these two types are declared with different lifetimes...".to_owned(),
-                        format!("...but data{} flows{} here", span_label_var1, span_label_var2),
+                        ty_sup.span,
+                        ret_span,
+                        format!(
+                            "this parameter and the {} are declared with different lifetimes...",
+                            return_type
+                        ),
+                        format!("...but data{} is {} here", span_label_var1, action),
+                        sub_future,
                     )
-                };
-                (ty_sup.span, ty_sub.span, main_label_1, span_label_1)
-            }
-
-            (Some(ret_span), _) => (
-                ty_sub.span,
-                ret_span,
-                "this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes..."
-                    .to_owned(),
-                format!("...but data{} is returned here", span_label_var1),
-            ),
-            (_, Some(ret_span)) => (
-                ty_sup.span,
-                ret_span,
-                "this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes..."
-                    .to_owned(),
-                format!("...but data{} is returned here", span_label_var1),
-            ),
-        };
-
-        struct_span_err!(self.tcx().sess, span, E0623, "lifetime mismatch")
-            .span_label(span_1, main_label)
-            .span_label(span_2, String::new())
-            .span_label(span, span_label)
-            .emit();
+                }
+            };
+
+        let mut e = struct_span_err!(self.tcx().sess, span, E0623, "lifetime mismatch");
+
+        e.span_label(span_1, main_label);
+        e.span_label(span_2, String::new());
+        e.span_label(span, span_label);
+
+        if let Some(t) = future_return_type {
+            let snip = self
+                .tcx()
+                .sess
+                .source_map()
+                .span_to_snippet(t.span)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|s| match (&t.kind, s.as_str()) {
+                    (rustc_hir::TyKind::Tup(&[]), "") => Some("()".to_string()),
+                    (_, "") => None,
+                    _ => Some(s),
+                })
+                .unwrap_or("{unnamed_type}".to_string());
+
+            e.span_label(
+                t.span,
+                &format!("this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = {}>`", snip),
+            );
+        }
+        e.emit();
         Some(ErrorReported)
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs

@@ -85,6 +85,60 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         })
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn future_return_type(
+        &self,
+        local_def_id: LocalDefId,
+    ) -> Option<&rustc_hir::Ty<'_>> {
+        if let Some(hir::IsAsync::Async) = self.asyncness(local_def_id) {
+            if let rustc_middle::ty::Opaque(def_id, _) =
+                self.tcx().type_of(local_def_id).fn_sig(self.tcx()).output().skip_binder().kind()
+            {
+                match self.tcx().hir().get_if_local(*def_id) {
+                    Some(hir::Node::Item(hir::Item {
+                        kind:
+                            hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
+                                bounds,
+                                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn,
+                                ..
+                            }),
+                        ..
+                    })) => {
+                        for b in bounds.iter() {
+                            if let hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(
+                                hir::LangItem::Future,
+                                _span,
+                                _hir_id,
+                                generic_args,
+                            ) = b
+                            {
+                                for type_binding in generic_args.bindings.iter() {
+                                    if type_binding.ident.name == rustc_span::sym::Output {
+                                        if let hir::TypeBindingKind::Equality { ty } =
+                                            type_binding.kind
+                                        {
+                                            return Some(ty);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn asyncness(&self, local_def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::IsAsync> {
+        // similar to the asyncness fn in rustc_ty::ty
+        let hir_id = self.tcx().hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id);
+        let node = self.tcx().hir().get(hir_id);
+        let fn_like = rustc_middle::hir::map::blocks::FnLikeNode::from_node(node)?;
+
+        Some(fn_like.asyncness())
+    }
+
     // Here, we check for the case where the anonymous region
     // is in the return type.
     // FIXME(#42703) - Need to handle certain cases here.

src/test/ui/async-await/issues/issue-63388-1.stderr

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
   --> $DIR/issue-63388-1.rs:14:9
    |
 LL |         &'a self, foo: &dyn Foo
-   |         -------- this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+   |         -------- this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
 LL |     ) -> &dyn Foo
    |          --------
+   |          |
+   |          this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = &dyn Foo>`
 LL |     {
 LL |         foo
-   |         ^^^ ...but data from `foo` is returned here
+   |         ^^^ ...but data from `foo` is held across an await point here
 
 error: aborting due to previous error
 

src/test/ui/async-await/multiple-lifetimes/ret-impl-trait-one.stderr

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
 LL | async fn async_ret_impl_trait1<'a, 'b>(a: &'a u8, b: &'b u8) -> impl Trait<'a> {
    |                                           ------                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                           |                     |
-   |                                           |                     ...but data from `b` is returned here
-   |                                           this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+   |                                           |                     ...but data from `b` is held across an await point here
+   |                                           |                     this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = impl Trait<'a>>`
+   |                                           this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
 
 error: aborting due to previous error
 

src/test/ui/issues/issue-76547.nll.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+error: lifetime may not live long enough
+  --> $DIR/issue-76547.rs:19:14
+   |
+LL | async fn fut(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) {
+   |              ^^^^  -     - let's call the lifetime of this reference `'2`
+   |              |     |
+   |              |     let's call the lifetime of this reference `'1`
+   |              assignment requires that `'1` must outlive `'2`
+
+error: lifetime may not live long enough
+  --> $DIR/issue-76547.rs:33:15
+   |
+LL | async fn fut2(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) -> i32 {
+   |               ^^^^  -     - let's call the lifetime of this reference `'2`
+   |               |     |
+   |               |     let's call the lifetime of this reference `'1`
+   |               assignment requires that `'1` must outlive `'2`
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+

src/test/ui/issues/issue-76547.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Test for diagnostic improvement issue #76547
+// edition:2018
+
+use std::{
+    future::Future,
+    task::{Context, Poll}
+};
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+pub struct ListFut<'a>(&'a mut [&'a mut [u8]]);
+impl<'a> Future for ListFut<'a> {
+    type Output = ();
+
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+async fn fut(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) {
+    ListFut(bufs).await
+    //~^ ERROR lifetime mismatch
+}
+
+pub struct ListFut2<'a>(&'a mut [&'a mut [u8]]);
+impl<'a> Future for ListFut2<'a> {
+    type Output = i32;
+
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+async fn fut2(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) -> i32 {
+    ListFut2(bufs).await
+    //~^ ERROR lifetime mismatch
+}
+
+fn main() {}

src/test/ui/issues/issue-76547.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
+  --> $DIR/issue-76547.rs:20:13
+   |
+LL | async fn fut(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) {
+   |                          ---------   -
+   |                          |           |
+   |                          |           this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = ()>`
+   |                          this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
+LL |     ListFut(bufs).await
+   |             ^^^^ ...but data from `bufs` is held across an await point here
+
+error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
+  --> $DIR/issue-76547.rs:34:14
+   |
+LL | async fn fut2(bufs: &mut [&mut [u8]]) -> i32 {
+   |                           ---------      ---
+   |                           |              |
+   |                           |              this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = i32>`
+   |                           this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
+LL |     ListFut2(bufs).await
+   |              ^^^^ ...but data from `bufs` is held across an await point here
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0623`.

src/test/ui/self/arbitrary_self_types_pin_lifetime_mismatch-async.stderr

@@ -2,25 +2,28 @@ error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
   --> $DIR/arbitrary_self_types_pin_lifetime_mismatch-async.rs:8:52
    |
 LL |     async fn a(self: Pin<&Foo>, f: &Foo) -> &Foo { f }
-   |                          ----               ----   ^ ...but data from `f` is returned here
-   |                          |
-   |                          this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+   |                          ----               ----   ^ ...but data from `f` is held across an await point here
+   |                          |                  |
+   |                          |                  this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = &Foo>`
+   |                          this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
 
 error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
   --> $DIR/arbitrary_self_types_pin_lifetime_mismatch-async.rs:11:82
    |
 LL |     async fn c(self: Pin<&Self>, f: &Foo, g: &Foo) -> (Pin<&Foo>, &Foo) { (self, f) }
-   |                          -----                        -----------------          ^ ...but data from `f` is returned here
-   |                          |
-   |                          this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+   |                          -----                        -----------------          ^ ...but data from `f` is held across an await point here
+   |                          |                            |
+   |                          |                            this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = (Pin<&Foo>, &Foo)>`
+   |                          this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
 
 error[E0623]: lifetime mismatch
   --> $DIR/arbitrary_self_types_pin_lifetime_mismatch-async.rs:17:64
    |
 LL |     async fn bar<'a>(self: Alias<&Self>, arg: &'a ()) -> &() { arg }
-   |                                  -----                   ---   ^^^ ...but data from `arg` is returned here
-   |                                  |
-   |                                  this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+   |                                  -----                   ---   ^^^ ...but data from `arg` is held across an await point here
+   |                                  |                       |
+   |                                  |                       this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = &()>`
+   |                                  this parameter and the returned future are declared with different lifetimes...
 
 error: aborting due to 3 previous errors